Group Andreas Bachmair

Protein modification in plants

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The Question

We all want to have a long life in good health. This is impossible without high quality food. Our group is interested in finding out how plants can grow well, even if environmental conditions are not optimal. This knowledge can help to provide farmers of the future with improved seed material for high quality and quantity harvests, as a basis for healthy human nutrition.

The Approach

Adaptation of plants to changing environmental conditions requires sophisticated signal transduction and compensation strategies. Virtually all signal transduction pathways encompass steps to modify proteins already present in the cell. Such posttranslational modifications can occur by attaching a small protein to the substrate. The modifier proteins ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) are the focus of our research. We use biochemical and genetic tools to study modification pathways, in particular the N-degron (formerly N-end rule) pathway for ubiquitin conjugation, and a recently discovered pathway that links several SUMO proteins as a chain to the substrate. Both pathways have important functions in signal transduction for environmental adaptation.

Andreas Bachmair

Andreas Bachmair studied in Vienna, where he also got his PhD (with Helmut Ruis, 1984). After a postdoctoral stay with Alex Varshavsky (MIT, Cambridge, USA; 1985-1988), he stayed at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (Cologne, Germany) as a postdoc with Jeff Schell (1988-1991) and then joined the Institute of Botany of the University of Vienna (1991-2002). He moved to the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (Cologne, Germany) as a group leader (2002-2008), before taking an Associate Professor position at the Max Perutz Labs. Since 2019, he is a full professor at the Max Perutz Labs.

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Spotlights

Spotlight 1

The amino terminus of a protein is frequently modified, e.g. by addition of acetyl groups, or by proteolytic cleavage to generate the mature protein, or a protein variant. So-called N-recognins bind to amino termini to influence the protein half life. We are interested in N-recognins for amino-terminal Leu in plants. We identified mutants that stabilize a model protein with Leu amino terminus. Mutated genes are investigated to understand the biological significance of this protein degradation pathway.

Spotlight 2

Proteins can be covalently linked to SUMO. In most cases, one SUMO moiety is added. We have recently discovered that the SUMO conjugation machinery chooses specific proteins for attachment of SUMO chains, whereas other substrates obtain only single SUMO moieties (Tomanov et al., 2018, Biochem J 475: 61-68). A SUMO chain probably leads to proteolytic destruction of the substrate, due to the existence of SUMO chain binding ubiquitin ligases. We are studying this process with the help of mutants and in vitro reconstruction of the reaction.

    Team

    Sadia Sabrina Alam
    PhD Student
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    Andreas Bachmair
    Group Leader
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    Room: 5.110

    Bushra Ijaz
    PostDoc
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    Room: 5.108

    Lilian Nehlin
    PostDoc
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    Olga Rudi
    Technician
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    Carolina Saad
    PostDoc
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    Bernhard Wurzinger
    PostDoc
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    Room: 5.108

    Selected Publications

    BIG enhances Arg/N-degron pathway-mediated protein degradation to regulate Arabidopsis hypoxia responses and suberin deposition.

    2024 The Plant cell;36(9):3177, 3200, 3177-3200.
    PMID:  38608155

    Zhang Hongtao, Rundle Chelsea, Winter Nikola, Miricescu Alexandra, Mooney Brian C, Bachmair Andreas, Graciet Emmanuelle, Theodoulou Frederica L

    A Yeast-Based Functional Assay to Study Plant N-Degron - N-Recognin Interactions.

    2021 Frontiers in plant science;12:806129.
    PMID:  35069663

    Kozlic Aida, Winter Nikola, Telser Theresia, Reimann Jakob, Rose Katrin, Nehlin Lilian, Berckhan Sophie, Sharma Gunjan, Dambire Charlene, Boeckx Tinne, Holdsworth Michael J, Bachmair Andreas

    Cellular Control of Protein Turnover via the Modification of the Amino Terminus.

    2021 International journal of molecular sciences;22(7)
    PMID:  33805528

    Winter Nikola, Novatchkova Maria, Bachmair Andreas

    The Scope, Functions, and Dynamics of Posttranslational Protein Modifications.

    2019 Annual review of plant biology;70:119, 151, 119-151.
    PMID:  30786234

    Millar A Harvey, Heazlewood Joshua L, Giglione Carmela, Holdsworth Michael J, Bachmair Andreas, Schulze Waltraud X

    Distinct branches of the N-end rule pathway modulate the plant immune response.

    2019 The New phytologist;221(2):988, 1000, 988-1000.
    PMID:  30117535

    Vicente Jorge, Mendiondo Guillermina M, Pauwels Jarne, Pastor Victoria, Izquierdo Yovanny, Naumann Christin, Movahedi Mahsa, Rooney Daniel, Gibbs Daniel J, Smart Katherine, Bachmair Andreas, Gray Julie E, Dissmeyer Nico, Castresana Carmen, Ray Rumiana V, Gevaert Kris, Holdsworth Michael J

    Sumoylation and phosphorylation: hidden and overt links.

    2018 Journal of experimental botany;69(19):4583, 4590, 4583-4590.
    PMID:  29846689

    Tomanov Konstantin, Nukarinen Ella, Vicente Jorge, Mendiondo Guillermina M, Winter Nikola, Nehlin Lilian, Weckwerth Wolfram, Holdsworth Michael J, Teige Markus, Bachmair Andreas

    SUMO chain formation relies on the amino-terminal region of SUMO-conjugating enzyme and has dedicated substrates in plants.

    2018 The Biochemical journal;475(1):61, 74, 61-74.
    PMID:  29133528

    Tomanov Konstantin, Nehlin Lilian, Ziba Ionida, Bachmair Andreas

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    Collaborations & Funding

    National Scientific Research Fund (FWF) SFB

    FWF Special Research Program (SFB) F 7904 TP4 N-degron pathways in plants

     

    National Scientific Research Fund (FWF) Project / University of Vienna Doctoral Program MENTOR


    The project supports training of PhD students in "Molecular Mechanisms to Improve Plant Resilience" (see: mentor.univie.ac.at).

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